Fig. 2

Examples of individuals at opposite extremes of the distributions for each of the 5 principal components. PC1 explained 24.3% of the observed facial variation and corresponded to variations within the sagittal mandibular position toward maxilla. PC2 explained 17.5% of the observed facial variation and corresponded to mandibular shape and size. PC3 corresponded to the vertical and sagittal positions of the mandible relative to the cranial base. PC4 corresponded to the protrusion and inclination of the lower and upper incisors and explained 10% of the observed facial variation. PC5 corresponded to the protrusion of facial soft tissue and accounted for 7.3% of the variation