Table 1 Pre-treatment severity of skeletal mandibular retrognathia and hyperdivergency of the MMA and MMA + VC groups

Skeletal

SNA (°)

82.82

3.04

84.06

2.92

0.219

SNB (°)

76.06

2.91

75.91

3.34

0.884

ANB (°)

6.75

0.79

8.22

1.43

0.001*

MP-SN (°)

42.27

3.90

44.47

5.38

0.174

FMA (°)

33.27

3.38

35.86

5.75

0.114

PFH/AFH (%)

44.88

3.78

43.84

3.03

0.367

Pog-NB (mm)

-0.30

1.43

-1.06

1.49

0.128

ANS-Me (mm)

65.16

4.65

64.07

4.38

0.476

Dental

U1 - NA (°)

20.51

7.07

20.84

7.62

0.896

U1 - SN (°)

103.26

7.32

104.89

7.83

0.525

L1 - NB (°)

34.78

5.29

37.32

5.01

0.149

IMPA (°)

96.59

4.96

96.94

5.10

0.837

Inter incisor angle (U1-L1) (°)

117.99

9.30

113.71

8.92

0.167

U1-NA (mm)

4.48

2.57

4.58

2.21

0.893

L1-NB (mm)

9.61

1.93

10.93

1.55

0.028*

U1-PP (mm)

30.70

2.80

30.25

2.56

0.620

U6-PP (mm)

20.21

2.48

19.98

2.59

0.791

L1-MP (mm)

42.96

3.25

43.48

2.34

0.582

L6-MP (mm)

32.65

3.10

31.88

2.66

0.429

Occlusal Plane(°)

12.85

3.64

12.18

4.56

0.631

Soft-tissue-related

UL Angle-SnV (°)

12.11

5.33

16.69

6.23

0.024*

Z Angle (°)

58.89

4.70

49.39

6.94

< 0.001*

UL thickness (mm)

11.64

1.63

11.51

2.50

0.856

LL Thickness (mm)

14.36

2.87

14.86

2.14

0.556

Chin Thickness (mm)

12.36

2.66

13.71

2.48

0.126

ULA-Sn Vertical (mm)

3.58

1.41

4.72

1.66

0.034*

LLA-Sn Vertical (mm)

-0.09

3.43

0.66

2.21

0.438

UL Length (mm)

22.41

2.49

22.68

2.07

0.722

LL Length (mm)

44.62

3.28

42.92

4.02

0.173