Table 3 Conventional facemask (n = 19) – cephalometric measurements: angles [°] and distances [mm]. t₀: pretreatment visit; t₁: posttreatment visit, M Mean, SD standard deviation, ^aPaired samples T-test within group between t₀-t₁

SNA

80.30 ± 3.40

81.52 ± 3.49

1.22 ± 2.28

0.031

SNB

80.12 ± 2.58

79.31 ± 2.56

–0.81 ± 1.35

0.017

ANB

0.16 ± 2.20

2.20 ± 2.56

2.04 ± 1.55

< 0.001

NL-SN

6.88 ± 3.07

6.25 ± 3.16

–0.64 ± 1.88

0.156

ML-SN

32.93 ± 4.04

33.98 ± 4.02

1.05 ± 1.51

0.007

ML-NL

26.06 ± 4.04

27.74 ± 3.97

1.68 ± 1.77

< 0.001

MeGoAr

128.13 ± 5.77

128.53 ± 6.61

0.40 ± 2.80

0.542

U1-NL

104.01 ± 8.33

107.35 ± 4.77

3.35 ± 6.18

0.03

L1-ML

88.06 ± 8.27

83.33 ± 7.47

–4.73 ± 5.28

0.001

Nasolabial

108.63 ± 10.09

106.05 ± 10.97

–2.58 ± 9.47

0.251

OP-ML

14.11 ± 4.03

16.74 ± 4.17

2.63 ± 2.43

< 0.001

Wits

−3.83 ± 3.22

–1.98 ± 2.23

1.85 ± 4.09

< 0.001

ULE

−2.26 ± 2.54

–1.32 ± 2.00

0.95 ± 1.90

0.043

LLE

0.05 ± 2.57

0.47 ± 2.63

0.42 ± 1.39

0.202