Table 1 Epidemiologic characteristics and univariate analysis

Sex

0.1

0.6

male

285 (63.9%)

65 (58.6%)

102 (64.2%)

female

161 (36.1%)

46 (34.3%)

57 (35.8%)

Age

years Ø

63.4 ± 11.4

64.3 ± 12.6

63.3 ± 11.2

0.2

Diagnosis

0.001

0.2

OSCC

362 (81.2%)

77 (69.4%)

135 (84.9%)

IORN

41 (9.2%)

21 (18.9%)

10 (6.3%)

MRONJ

18 (4.0%)

5 (4.5%)

8 (5%)

Osteomyelitis

16 (3.6%)

4 (3.6%)

6 (3.8%)

others

9 (2.0%)

4 (3.6%)

-

Flap type

 < 0.001

0.02

RFF

195 (43.7%)

36 (32.4%)

65 (40.9%)

FFF

130 (29.1%)

45 (40.5%)

48 (30.2%)

ALT

77 (17.3%)

12 (10.8%)

30 (18.9%)

LAT

17(3.8%)

5 (4.5%)

4 (2.4%)

Scapula

12 (2.7%)

4 (3.6%)

7 (4.5%)

Double flap

6 (1.3%)

6 (5.4%)

-

UA

5 (1.1%)

-

4 (2.5%)

DCIA

4 (0.9%)

3 (2.7%)

1 (0.6%)

Wound

Classification

clean-contaminated

408 (91.5%)

108 (97.3%)

0.01

152 (95.6%)

0.001

Neck Dissection

yes

310 (69.5%)

65 (58.6%)

 < 0.01

117 (73.6%)

0.9

Bone resection

 < 0.01

0.4

segmental

143 (32.1%)

48 (43.2%)

50 (31.4%)

partial

92 (20.6%)

23 (20.7%)

34 (21.4%)

Bone reconstruction

yes

152 (34.1%)

62 (55.9%)

 < 0.001

56 (35.2%)

 < 0.01

Tracheotomy

yes

219 (49.1%)

62 (55.9%)

0.1

85 (53.5%)

0.02

Skin size

cm²

53.5 ± 49.4

61.6 ± 54.5

0.05

51.9 ± 34.4

0.6

Flap success

yes

432 (96.9%)

103 (92.8%)

0.05

155 (97.5%)

0.3

Operation time

min Ø

385.5 ± 111.2

391.5 ± 97.9

0.5

396.8 ± 114.6

0.05

ICU

days Ø

2.8 ± 2.9

4.0 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

2.65 ± 2.1

0.1

NW

days Ø

12.8 ± 5.9

15.5 ± 7.7

 < 0.001

13.3 ± 5.4

 < 0.001

LOS total

days Ø

15.7 ± 6.6

19.5 ± 8.1

 < 0.001

15.9 ± 5.6

 < 0.001

Radiation

yes

127 (28.5%)

49 (44.1%)

 < 0.001

41 (25.8%)

0.2

Transfusion

yes

112 (25.1%)

41 (36.9%)

0.001

40 (25.2%)

-

Clinical SSI

yes

136 (30.5%)

68 (61.3%)

 < 0.001

38 (23.9%)

0.2

Culture positive SSI

yes

109 (24.4%)

61(55%)

 < 0.001

25(15.7%)

0.5

Culture negative SSI

yes

27 (6%)

7 (6%)

0.005

13 (8.2%)

0.3

HAP

yes

15 (3.4%)

11 (10%)

 < 0.001

1 (0.6%)

0.4

ASA

mode

3

0.02

 ≤ 2

193 (43.3%)

35 (31.5%)

0.1

68 (42.8%)

 ≥ 3

253 (56.7%)

76 (68.5%)

0.04

91 (57.2%)

HB preoperative

mg/dl Ø

13.2 ± 2.0

12.8 ± 2.2

0.02

13.4 ± 1.9

0.9

HB 1. Day postoperative

mg/dl Ø

10 ± 1.6

9.6 ± 1.5

0.01

10.1 ± 1.6

0.6

HB 2. day postoperative

mg/dl Ø

9.4 ± 1.6

8.9 ± 1.4

 < 0.01

9.4 ± 1.4

0.09

HB 3. day postoperative

mg/dl Ø

9.5 ± 1.6

8.9 ± 1.4

0.001

9.5 ± 1.5

0.1

Calculated perioperative Antibiotic

0.5

0.3

Aminopenicillin

407 (91.3%)

98 (88.2%)

140 (89.2%)

Cephalosporine

15 (3.4%)

4 (3.6%)

6 (3.8%)

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

15 (3.3%)

6 (5.4%)

7 (4.5%)

Clindamycin

7 (1.6%)

3 (2.8%)

2 (1.3%)

Meropenem

2 (0.4%)

-

2 (1.3%)

Escalated Antibiotic

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

59 (53.1%)

-

Ciprofloxacin

21 (18.9%)

-

Meropenem

10 (9%)

-

others

13 (11.7%)

-

Total length of antibiotic duration

days Ø

12.3 ± 5.1

17.3 ± 6.1

13.2 ± 2.8

Point of antibiotic escalation

days Ø

7.5 ± 4.6

Antibiotic Oralization

yes

37 (8.3%)

3 (2.7%)

16 (10.1%)