Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Depression in patients with chronic otolaryngology symptoms – A vicious cycle
Patient characteristics | Number (%) |
|---|---|
Age group | |
< 20 years | 9 (9%) |
21–30 years | 25 (25%) |
31–40 years | 19 (19%) |
41–50 years | 15 (15%) |
51–60 years | 20 (20%) |
> 60 years | 12 (12%) |
Gender | |
Male | 54 (54%) |
Female | 46 (46%) |
Occupation | |
Housewife | 31 (31%) |
Student | 13 (13%) |
Labourer | 13 (13%) |
Self-employed | 12 (12%) |
Below clerk level | 12 (12%) |
Clerk level and above | 11 (11%) |
Skilled professional | 7 (7%) |
Unemployed | 1 (1%) |
Duration of symptoms | |
≤ 6 months | 38 (38%) |
7–12 months | 13 (13%) |
13–60 months | 27 (27%) |
> 60 months | 22 (22%) |
Presenting complaint | |
Nasal obstruction | 29 (29%) |
Ear discharge | 25 (25%) |
Headache | 17 (17%) |
Sore throat | 14 (14%) |
Excessive sneezing | 13 (13%) |
Hearing loss | 7 (7%) |
Blocked ear | 7 (7%) |
Swelling in neck | 7 (7%) |
Change in voice | 5 (5%) |
Tinnitus | 5 (5%) |
Giddiness | 4 (4%) |
Otalgia | 4 (4%) |
Oral ulcer | 2 (2%) |
Epiphora | 2 (2%) |
Dysphagia | 1 (1%) |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 7 (7%) |
Migraine | 7 (7%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (6%) |
Bronchial asthma | 3 (3%) |
Hypothyroidism | 3 (3%) |
Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 1 (1%) |
Chronic liver disease | 1 (1%) |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 1 (1%) |
Habits | |
Alcohol consumption | 16 (16%) |
Smoking | 7 (7%) |
Tobacco chewing | 2 (2%) |
Otolaryngology diagnosis | |
Chronic otitis media | 26 (26%) |
Allergic rhinitis | 15 (15%) |
Chronic rhinosinusitis | 12 (12%) |
Deviated nasal septum | 7 (7%) |
Chronic tonsillitis | 6 (6%) |
Chronic laryngitis/ laryngopharyngeal reflux | 4 (4%) |
Multinodular goitre | 4 (4%) |
Sensorineural hearing loss | 4 (4%) |
Chronic lymphadenitis | 3 (3%) |
Vocal cord pathology | 3 (3%) |
Oral aphthous ulcer | 2 (2%) |
Chronic dacryocystitis | 1 (1%) |
Chronic sialadenitis | 1 (1%) |
Chronic otitis externa | 1 (1%) |
Temporomandibular joint arthralgia | 1 (1%) |
Globus pharyngeus | 1 (1%) |
Nil otolaryngology | 9 (9%) |
Diagnosis based on PHQ-9 | |
Control | 82 |
Major Depressive Disorder | 7 |
Other Depressive Disorder | 11 |
Severity of depressive symptoms | |
Nil | 14 |
Minimal | 35 |
Mild | 36 |
Moderate | 11 |
Moderately Severe | 3 |
Severe | 1 |