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Table 2 Comparison of surgical accuracy between experimental group (navigated) and control group (non-navigated)

From: Novel CAD/CAM-splint-based navigation protocol enhances intraoperative maxillary position control in orthognathic surgery: a case control study

Student’s t-test

Translation

Rotation

x (right-left)

y (back-front)

z (down-up)

Roll

Pitch

Yaw

variances

unequal

equal

equal

equal

equal

equal

mean difference

-0.81

-0.60

-0.82

-0.04

-0.70

-0.45

SE of the difference

0.35

0.44

0.34

0.22

0.46

0.25

lower 95% CI

-1.58

-1.52

-1.54

-0.49

-1.66

-0.98

upper 95% CI

-0.04

0.32

-0.10

0.41

0.26

0.08

t

-2.30

-1.37

-2.40

-0.19

-1.54

-1.79

df

11.1

18

18

18

18

18

p

0.021

0.094

0.014

0.428

0.071

0.045

Cohens d

1.03

0.61

1.07

0.08

0.69

0.80

Power

0.72

0.37

0.74

0.07

0.44

0.53

  1. Negative value for the mean difference shows that the surgical accuracy improves for navigation as mean deviation of the achieved maxillary position from the planned position decreases by the shown value in mm for translation and ° for rotation compared to the control group. T-tests were calculated (Student’s for equal and Welch’s for unequal variance). P-values of p < 0.05 are considered statistically significant and are highlighted in bold text
  2. SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval; t: t-statistic; df: degree of freedom; p: p-value; Cohens d: measure of effect size; Power: calculated power of post-hoc power analysis