Fig. 2

Schematic diagrams of two loading modes on FPDs in the three-dimensional finite element analysis. The upper diagrams show the loading areas on the occlusal surfaces of FPDs under (A) three-point loading and (B) pontic loading. Yellow dots represent loading areas of 1mm2. A vertical load of 200 N was applied to the FPD in both (C) finite element analysis and (D) photoelastic analysis