Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study population

Basedau et al. 2024 [17]

39.1 (12.77)

N/A

41.58 (11.43)

6 (15)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Filippi et al. 2023 [35]

N/A

48·1 (8·83)

42·6 (11·31)

5 (12.82)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Yu et al. 2022 (The DRAGON Study) [29]

41.4 (10.9)

N/A

41.9 (10.9)

103 (18.5)

171 (61.29)

N/A

178 (64.03)

80 (28.67)

N/A

74 (26.62)

18.2 (11.9)

N/A

17.8 (11.4)

Chowdhury et al. 2022 [32]

34.9 (9.2)

35.4 (7.2)

35.3 (8.9)

74 (21.1)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

6.76 (5.96)

6.66 (6.54)

6.87 (5.69)

Wang et al. 2021 (The EMPOwER Study) [27]

37.3 (10.0)

37.1 (9.6)

38.0 (10.1)

163(18.11%)

181 (53.6)

119 (53.1)

179 (53.0)

108 (32.0)

72 (32.1)

108 (32.0)

11.1 (9.5)

11.2 (9.7)

12.6 (10.2)

Takishema et al. 2021 [25]

44.2 (8.5)

N/A

44.6 (9.3)

34(13.02%)

60 (46.2)

N/A

50 (38.2)

59 (45.4)

N/A

58 (44.3)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Lanteri-Minet et al. 2021 [21]

N/A

44·6 (10·5)

44·2 (10·6)

46 (18.7)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

121 (100)

125 (100)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Hirata et al. 2021 [19]

44.0 (8.2)

N/A

44.5 (9.6)

25 (14.79)

N/A

N/A

N/A

37 (41.1)

N/A

30 (38.0)

17.71 (11.48)

N/A

18.9 (11.98)

Diener et al. 2021 [33]

41.1 (11.3)

40.4 (11.1)

41.3 (11.2)

141 (14.76)

133 (42.0)

124 (38.9)

131 (41.1)

127 (40.1)

116 (36.4)

127 (39.8)

19.80 (12.26)

19.72 (12.31)

20.05 (12.18)

Broessner et al. 2020 [30]

41.1 (11.3)

40.4 (11.1)

41.3 (11.2)

141 (14.76)

133 (42.0)

124 (38.9)

131 (41.1)

127 (40.1)

116 (36.4)

127 (39.8)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Goadsby et al. 2019 [18]

41.1 (11.3)

40.4 (11.1)

41.3 (11.2)

141 (14.76)

133 (42.0)

124 (38.9)

131 (41.1)

127 (40.1)

116 (36.4)

127 (39.8)

19.80 (12.26)

19.72 (12.31)

20.05 (12.18)

Brandes et al. 2019 [28]

41.4 (11.3)

42.1 (11.3)

42.1 (11.3)

115 (17.2)

138 (72.3)

138 (72.3)

218 (76.2)

127 (66.5)

126 (66.3)

200 (70.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Sakai et al. 2019 [23]

43 (8.45)

44.25 (7.86)

43 (7.68)

63 (15.44)

80 (59.3)

77 (56.2)

76 (55.9)

43 (48.9)

54 (65.1)

44 (53.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Reuter et al. 2018 (LIBERTY) [22]

N/A

44·6 (10·5)

44·2 (10·6)

46 (18.7)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

121 (100)

125 (100)

N/A

N/A

N/A

Ashina et al. 2018 [16]

41.4 (11.3)

42.1 (11.3)

42.1 (11.3)

115 (17.2)

138 (72.3)

138 (72.3)

218 (76.2)

127 (66.5)

126 (66.3)

200 (70.0)

20.7 (12.9)

21.9 (11.8)

22.2 (12.7)

Buse et al. 2018 [31]

41.1 (11.3)

40.4 (11.1)

41.3 (11.2)

141 (14.76)

133 (42.0)

124 (38.9)

131 (41.1)

127 (40.1)

116 (36.4)

127 (39.8)

19.80 (12.26)

19.72 (12.31)

20.05 (12.18)

Dodick et al. 2018 [34]

42 (11)

N/A

42 (12)

85 (14.7)

134 (46.9)

N/A

132 (45.4)

117 (87.3)

N/A

115 (87.1)

22 (13)

N/A

20 (12)

Goadsby et al. 2017 (STRIVE Study) [36]

41.1 (11.3)

40.4 (11.1)

41.3 (11.2)

141 (14.76)

133 (42.0)

124 (38.9)

131 (41.1)

127 (40.1)

116 (36.4)

127 (39.8)

19.80 (12.26)

19.72 (12.31)

20.05 (12.18)

Tepper et al. 2017 [26]

41·4 (11·3)

42·9 (11·1)

42·1 (11·3)

115(17.24%)

N/A

N/A

N/A

127 (67%

126 (66%)

200 (70%)

20.7 (12.8)

21.9 (11.8)

22.2 (12.6)

Hoon et al. 2017 [20]

N/A

23.8 (5.85)

28.5 (11.7)

3 (25)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Sun et al. 2016 [24]

42·6 (9·9)

N/A

41·4 (10·0)

53(19.85%)

47 (44%)

N/A

66 (41%)

34 (32%)

N/A

60 (38%)

21·5 (11·7)

N/A

20·7 (11·5)