Table 1 Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics of 346 eligible patients
Predictors | Overall (346 patients) | Training cohort (242 patients) | Validation cohort (52 patients) | Testing cohort (52 patients) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.66 |
 male | 48(13.9) | 31(12.8) | 9(17.3) | 8(15.4) |  |
 female | 298(86.1) | 211(87.2) | 43(82.7) | 44(84.6) |  |
Extraction pattern | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.77 |
 no extraction | 32(9.2) | 24(9.9) | 4(7.7) | 4(7.7) |  |
 two premolars | 22(6.4) | 13(5.4) | 4(7.7) | 5(9.6) |  |
 four premolars | 292(84.4) | 205(84.7) | 44(84.6) | 43(82.7) |  |
Lip incompetence | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.97 |
 no | 135(39.0) | 94(38.8) | 21(40.4) | 20(38.5) |  |
 yes | 211(61.0) | 148(61.2) | 31(59.6) | 32(61.5) |  |
Upper crowding | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.13 |
 mild | 236(68.2) | 164(67.8) | 32(61.6) | 40(76.9) |  |
 moderate | 70(20.2) | 54(22.3) | 9(17.3) | 7(13.5) |  |
 severe | 21(6.1) | 14(5.8) | 6(11.5) | 1(1.9) |  |
 space | 19(5.5) | 10(4.1) | 5(9.6) | 4(7.7) |  |
Lower crowding | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.14 |
 mild | 200(57.8) | 132(54.6) | 28(53.9) | 30(57.7) |  |
 moderate | 118(34.1) | 88(36.3) | 20(38.4) | 19(36.5) |  |
 severe | 19(5.5) | 15(6.2) | 3(5.8) | 2(3.8) |  |
 space | 9(2.6) | 7(2.9) | 1(1.9) | 1(1.9) |  |
Molar relationship | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.41 |
 I | 196(56.6) | 141(58.3) | 30(57.7) | 25(48.1) |  |
 II | 93(26.9) | 65(26.9) | 15(28.8) | 13(25.0) |  |
 III | 54(15.6) | 33(13.6) | 7(13.5) | 14(26.9) |  |
 other | 3(0.9) | 3(1.2) | 0 | 0 |  |
Overbite | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.85 |
 normal | 210(60.7) | 150(62.0) | 32(61.4) | 28(53.9) |  |
 deep I | 59(17.0) | 40(16.5) | 9(17.3) | 10(19.2) |  |
 deep II | 20(5.8) | 13(5.4) | 3(5.8) | 4(7.7) |  |
 deep III | 22(6.4) | 17(7.0) | 2(3.9) | 3(5.8) |  |
 reverse I | 23(6.6) | 13(5.4) | 4(7.7) | 6(11.5) |  |
 reverse II | 4(1.2) | 2(0.8) | 2(3.9) | 1(1.9) |  |
 open I | 6(1.7) | 5(2.1) | 0 | 0 |  |
 open II | 1(0.3) | 1(0.4) | 0 | 0 |  |
 open III | 1(0.3) | 1(0.4) | 0 | 0 |  |
Overjet | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.96 |
 normal | 130(37.6) | 89(36.8) | 19(36.5) | 22(42.3) |  |
 deep I | 125(36.1) | 90(37.2) | 20(38.5) | 15(28.8) |  |
 deep II | 70(20.2) | 48(19.8) | 11(21.2) | 11(21.2) |  |
 deep III | 13(3.8) | 8(3.3) | 2(3.8) | 3(5.8) |  |
 reverse I | 7(2.0) | 6(2.5) | 0 | 1(1.9) |  |
 reverse II | 1(0.3) | 1(0.4) | 0 | 0 |  |
Anchorage mode | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.54 |
 mild | 135(39.0) | 95(39.3) | 21(40.4) | 19(36.6) |  |
 moderate | 25(7.2) | 22(9.1) | 2(3.8) | 1(1.9) |  |
 maximum | 186(53.8) | 125(51.6) | 29(55.8) | 32(61.5) |  |
Age | 23.5(21, 26) | 23(20.3, 25) | 24(19.8, 26) | 24(22, 25.3) | 0.64 |
Spee curve | 2.5(2, 3.5) | 2.5(2, 3.5) | 3(2, 3.5) | 2.8(2, 3.6) | 0.84 |
ANB | 3.75(2.3, 5.4) | 3.8(2.0, 5.4) | 3.6(2.5, 5.3) | 4.2(2.9, 5.6) | 0.28 |
SNA | 82.7 ± 3.6 | 82.6 ± 3.6 | 83.2 ± 3.5 | 82.6 ± 3.7 | 0.52 |
SNB | 79.0 ± 3.6 | 79.0 ± 3.7 | 79.8 ± 3.4 | 78.4 ± 3.4 | 0.13 |
SNP | 80.2 ± 3.4 | 80.2 ± 3.5 | 80.3 ± 3.6 | 80.2 ± 3.1 | 0.95 |
MP-SN | 34.7 ± 6.9 | 34.8 ± 6.9 | 35.1 ± 6.7 | 33.8 ± 7.5 | 0.58 |
Y Axis | 64.4 ± 3.6 | 64.3 ± 3.7 | 64.5 ± 3.4 | 64.2 ± 3.5 | 0.91 |
L1-MP | 97.3 ± 9.4 | 97.3 ± 9.2 | 95.4 ± 9.4 | 98.8 ± 10.3 | 0.17 |
U1-SN | 107.1(101.3, 112.1) | 107.1(101.3, 111.7) | 107.3(102.4, 112.1) | 107.1(101.0, 112.6) | 0.97 |
U6-PP | 20.5 ± 2.3 | 20.6 ± 2.2 | 20.2 ± 2.3 | 20.4 ± 2.3 | 0.44 |
L6-MP | 30.3(28.6, 32.1) | 30.1(28.6, 31.9) | 30.4(28.3, 32.0) | 30.7(28.6, 32.2) | 0.56 |
Ul height | 10.3(9.4, 11.3) | 10.4(9.5, 11.4) | 10.1(9.2, 11.0) | 10.6(9.4, 11.5) | 0.32 |
Ll height | 9.0(7.6, 10.2) | 9.1(7.7, 10.2) | 8.8(7.6, 10.3) | 8.9(7.5, 10.2) | 0.68 |
Ll to E-plane | 3.0 ± 3.1 | 2.9 ± 3.0 | 2.6 ± 3.4 | 3.4 ± 3.4 | 0.25 |
Ul to E-plane | 1.4(0.5 ± 3.2) | 1.3(-0.7,3.2) | 1.9(0, 3.6) | 1.65(0.15, 3.15) | 0.35 |
SN-Sn | 74.3 ± 4.9 | 74.1 ± 4.7 | 74.8 ± 5.2 | 74.6 ± 5.3 | 0.54 |
Z angle | 69.1(64.0, 73.1) | 69.5(64.4, 73.2) | 69.6(65.0, 73) | 66(63.1, 71.5) | 0.07 |
facial convex angle | 164.3(160.1, 167.9) | 164.1(160.2, 167.9) | 165.5(160.3, 168.1) | 165.8(159.9, 167.8) | 0.77 |