Validation of a digital, partly automated three-dimensional cast analysis for evaluation of orthodontic treatment assessment

Lang, Franziska A.; Lang, Norbert A.; Vorloeper, Julia; Niederau, Christian; Craveiro, Rogerio B.; Knaup, Isabel; Wolf, Michael

doi:10.1186/s13005-025-00515-8

Table 2 Comparison of the results of the digital and analogue measurement methods. The tooth widths of the maxilla and mandible of 16–26, 36–46, the tooth crown height of 12–22, 32–42, the overjet and overjet, the midline shift in the maxilla and mandible and in relation to each other, the arch dimensions with anterior and posterior dental arch width for the maxilla and mandible, dental arch length and circumference were measured. The results show statistical significance using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, but are not clinically relevant due to their negligible size (see difference digital vs. analogue)

From: Validation of a digital, partly automated three-dimensional cast analysis for evaluation of orthodontic treatment assessment

		digital							analog
tooth width	n tooth pairs	Mean	SD	SEM	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	Median	IQR	Mean	SD	SEM	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	Median	IQR	p-value	Difference digital vs. analogue (p-value)	Median	IQR
16	242	10.47	0.6269	0.04030	10.40	10.55	10.50	0.70	10.43	0.6194	0.03982	10.35	10.51	10.40	0.80	< 0.0001	0.046 ± 0.134	0.00	0.10
15	212	6.809	0.4937	0.03390	6.743	6.876	6.80	0.70	6.735	0.4893	0.03361	6.669	6.802	6.70	0.70	< 0.0001	0.074 ± 0.139	0.00	0.10
14	227	7.116	0.4768	0.03164	7.054	7.179	7.10	0.60	7.045	0.4896	0.03250	6.981	7.109	7.00	0.60	< 0.0001	0.071 ± 0.130	0.00	0.10
13	223	7.831	0.4738	0.03173	7.769	7.894	7.80	0.70	7.784	0.4620	0.03093	7.723	7.845	7.80	0.60	< 0.0001	0.047 ± 0.160	-0.10	0.10
12	231	6.833	0.6784	0.04464	6.745	6.921	6.90	0.80	6.787	0.6726	0.04425	6.700	6.874	6.80	0.80	< 0.0001	0.046 ± 0.124	0.00	0.10
11	245	8.765	0.6123	0.03912	8.688	8.688	8.70	0.80	8.713	0.6083	0.03886	8.637	8.790	8.70	0.80	< 0.0001	0.052 ± 0.133	-0.10	0.10
21	245	8.760	0.6391	0.04083	8.680	8.840	8.80	0.90	8.696	0.6151	0.03939	8.619	8.774	8.70	0.85	< 0.0001	0.064 ± 0.201	-0.10	0.10
22	235	6.751	0.6694	0.04367	6.665	6.838	6.80	0.80	6.714	0.6524	0.04256	6.630	6.798	6.80	0.80	< 0.0001	0.037 ± 0.117	0.00	0.10
23	226	7.817	0.4836	0.03217	7.753	7.880	7.80	0.70	7.779	0.4887	0.03251	7.715	7.843	7.80	0.80	< 0.0001	0.038 ± 0.116	0.00	0.10
24	226	7.131	0.4724	0.03143	7.069	7.192	7.20	0.60	7.066	0.4798	0.03192	7.003	7.129	7.10	0.60	< 0.0001	0.064 ± 0.117	0.00	0.10
25	216	6.770	0.4869	0.03313	6.705	6.835	6.80	0.575	6.697	0.4818	0.03278	6.632	6.761	6.70	0.60	< 0.0001	0.073 ± 0.141	-0.10	0.10
26	241	10,44	0.5796	0.03733	10.37	10.52	10.40	0.70	10,39	0.5840	0.03762	10.32	10.46	10.30	0.70	< 0.0001	0.054 ± 0.122	0.00	0.10
46	238	10,99	0.7087	0.04594	10.90	11.08	11.00	0.90	10,91	0.7289	0.04725	10.82	11.01	10.90	0.80	< 0.0001	0.079 ± 0.169	-0.10	0.10
45	216	7.318	0.6411	0.04362	7.232	7.404	7.30	0.575	7.227	0.6420	0.04368	7.141	7.313	7.150	0.60	< 0.0001	0.091 ± 0.151	-0.10	0.20
44	224	7.203	0.4726	0.03158	7.141	7.265	7.20	0.60	7.146	0.4593	0.03069	7.086	7.206	7.10	0.575	< 0.0001	0.057 ± 0.122	0.00	0.10
43	227	6.793	0.4391	0.02915	6.736	6.851	6.80	0.60	6.764	0.4307	0.02859	6.708	6.820	6.80	0.60	< 0.0001	0.030 ± 0.117	0.00	0.10
42	246	5.995	0.4416	0.02815	5.940	6.051	6.00	0.60	5.951	0.4271	0.02723	5.898	6.005	6.00	0.60	< 0.0001	0.044 ± 0.125	0.00	0.10
41	246	5.376	0.3947	0.02516	5.327	5.426	5.40	0.60	5.387	0.3883	0.02476	5.338	5.436	5.40	0.50	0.3427	− 0.011 ± 0.137	0.00	0.20
31	246	5.378	0.4052	0.02583	5.327	5.429	5.30	0.40	5.385	0.3976	0.02535	5.335	5.435	5.40	0.60	0.4468	− 0.008 ± 0.129	0.00	0.20
32	247	6.013	0.4180	0.02660	5.961	6.066	6.00	0.60	5.971	0.4131	0.02629	5.919	6.023	6.00	0.60	< 0.0001	0.043 ± 0.109	-0.10	0.10
33	228	6.843	0.4542	0.03008	6.783	6.902	6.90	0.60	6.801	0.4474	0.02963	6.743	6.860	6.80	0.60	< 0.0001	0.041 ± 0.092	0.00	0.10
34	221	7.218	0.4484	0.03017	7.158	7.277	7.20	0.50	7.153	0.4288	0.02884	7.096	7.210	7.20	0.50	< 0.0001	0.065 ± 0.142	0.00	0.10
35	213	7.342	0.4821	0.03303	7.277	7.407	7.30	0.60	7.245	0.4914	0.03367	7.179	7.311	7.20	0.60	< 0.0001	0.097 ± 0.146	0.00	0.20
36	234	11.03	0.6888	0.04503	10.94	11.12	11.00	0.80	10,95	0.7009	0.04582	10.86	11.04	10.95	0.83	< 0.0001	0.073 ± 0.197	-0.10	0.10
crown height
12	198	7.602	1.070	0.07601	7.452	7.752	7.50	1.30	7.650	1.112	0.07900	7.494	7.806	7.60	1.20	0.0481	− 0.048 ± 0.262	-0.10	0.30
11	214	9.423	1.026	0.07016	9.285	9.561	9.40	1.40	9.467	1.101	0.07524	9.319	9.615	9.50	1.50	0.1255	− 0.044 ± 0.295	0.00	0.30
21	211	9.393	1.004	0.06909	9.257	9.529	9.30	1.30	9.493	1.105	0.07609	9.343	9.643	9.40	1.40	< 0.0001	− 0.100 ± 0.285	-0.10	0.20
22	202	7.622	1.099	0.07734	7.470	7.775	7.60	1.60	7.725	1.156	0.08130	7.565	7.886	7.70	1.50	< 0.0001	− 0.103 ± 0.317	-0.10	0.30
42	201	7.447	0.9653	0.06809	7.313	7.581	7.40	1.25	7.571	1.130	0.08011	7.413	7.729	7.50	1.30	< 0.0001	− 0.132 ± 0.385	-0.10	0.20
41	205	7.608	0.8975	0.06268	7.484	7.731	7.70	1.20	7.802	1.061	0.07410	7.656	7.948	7.80	1.50	< 0.0001	− 0.194 ± 0.528	-0.10	0.30
31	199	7.669	0.8705	0.06171	7.547	7.791	7.60	1.00	7.811	1.006	0.07130	7.670	7.951	7.80	1.10	< 0.0001	− 0.142 ± 0.410	-0.10	0.40
32	202	7.482	0.9648	0.06788	7.348	7.616	7.50	1.20	7.644	1.105	0.07775	7.490	7.797	7.60	1.225	< 0.0001	− 0.162 ± 0.390	-0.10	0.30
Overjet	233	4.139	3.492	0.2288	3.689	4.590	4.10	3.50	4.027	3.431	0.2247	3.584	4.470	4.00	3.20	< 0.0001	0.106 ± 0.278	0.10	0.40
Overbite	232	3.036	3.003	0.1971	2.647	3.424	3.45	3.40	2.894	3.012	0.1978	2.504	3.283	3.35	3.50	< 0.0001	0.142 ± 0.399	0.10	0.30
MLD UJ	230	0.2313	0.7127	0.04699	0.1387	0.3239	0.15	0.60	0.1778	0.7605	0.05015	0.07902	0.2766	0.00	0.525	0.0045	0.053 ± 0.300	0.00	0.30
MLD LJ	227	0.05419	1.451	0.09632	-0.1356	0.2440	0.00	1.70	0.1193	1.496	0.09905	-0.07587	0.3145	0.10	1.70	0.0135	− 0.066 ± 0.462	-0.10	0.50
MLD UJ-LJ	227	-0.1872	1.479	0.09817	-0.3807	0.006213	-0.20	1.70	-0.06828	1.494	0.09916	-0.2637	0.1271	0.00	2.00	< 0.0001	− 0.119 ± 0.423	-0.10	0.40
dental arch width
anterior UJ	165	33.62	3.492	0.2718	33.09	34.16	33.80	3.75	33.81	3.467	0.2699	33.28	34.35	33.90	3.80	< 0.0001	− 0.190 ± 0.232	-0.20	0.20
anterior LJ	194	26.10	2.355	0.1690	25.77	26.44	25.95	2.82	26.28	2.329	0.1672	25.95	26.61	26.10	2.50	< 0.0001	− 0.173 ± 0.233	-0.20	0.30
posterior UJ	242	50.65	3.528	0.2268	50.21	51.10	50.60	4.72	50.82	3.530	0.2269	50.37	51.27	50.80	4.72	< 0.0001	− 0.165 ± 0.232	-0.20	0.30
posterior LJ	228	51.26	2.917	0.1932	50.88	51.64	51.05	3.97	51.41	2.918	0.1932	51.03	51.79	51.35	4.05	< 0.0001	− 0.146 ± 0.283	-0.20	0.40
dental arch length
UJ	237	36.38	3.108	0.2019	35.98	36.77	36.60	3.80	36.61	3.102	0.2015	36.21	37.01	36.80	3.60	< 0.0001	− 0.233 ± 0.269	-0.30	0.30
LJ	228	32.88	2.805	0.1858	32.52	33.25	33.00	3.30	33.09	2.794	0.1850	32.72	33.45	33.30	3.58	< 0.0001	− 0.204 ± 0.298	-0.30	0.40
dental arch girth
UJ	240	74.36	5.750	0.3712	73.62	75.09	74.70	7.72	74.60	5.750	0.3712	73.87	75.33	74.80	7.80	< 0.0001	− 0.247 ± 0.340	-0.30	0.50
LJ	240	65.79	5.823	0.3759	65.05	66.53	66.00	6.38	66.03	5.794	0.3740	65.29	66.77	66.30	6.67	< 0.0001	− 0.244 ± 0.326	-0.30	0.40
Bolton ratio
AR	211	77.87	2.782	0.1915	77.50	78.25	77.82	3.58	78.09	2.730	0.1879	77.72	78.46	78.02	3.60	0.0010	0.219 (± 0.939)	0.16	1.05
OR	167	91.64	2.256	0.1745	91.30	91.98	91.56	3.04	91.64	2.235	0.1729	91.30	91.98	91.42	3.07	0.4589	− 0.003 (± 0.831)	-0,02	0.84

L 95% CI: Lower 95% CI of mean; IQR: interquartile range, p-value Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test; UJ: upper jaw; LJ: lower jaw, MLD: midline deviation, AR: anterior ratio of Bolton, OR: overall ratio of Bolton

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